Analytical study of seismic isolation systems in bridge structures

Abstract

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of existing seismic isolation systems used for protecting bridge structures against seismic impacts. The role of antiseismic devices within bridge structures, as well as the possibilities of their implementation through connections between supports, superstructures, and structural elements, are thoroughly examined. The necessity of considering antiseismic devices as independent and essential structural components of bridges is scientifically substantiated. The strengthening methods employed to ensure the seismic resistance of bridges are classified into conventional and special categories, and their operating principles are analyzed in detail. Conventional methods are primarily based on the absorption and redistribution of seismic loads by the structural elements themselves, whereas special methods are aimed at reducing seismic effects by modifying the dynamic behavior and structural scheme of the bridge. Special methods include seismic isolation and seismic energy dissipation systems. The article also provides a detailed explanation of the concept of seismic isolation, its operating mechanism, and corresponding structural solutions. Seismic isolation systems are categorized into adaptive and stationary types, and the technical characteristics of rigid, flexible, sliding, elastic, and gravitational bearing components specific to each category are investigated. Furthermore, suspended and supported types of gravitational seismic isolation foundations are also analyzed. The research results demonstrate that seismic isolation systems represent one of the most promising seismic protection technologies for bridges constructed in regions with high seismic activity.