International engineering and landscape approaches to the planning of coastal territories in a sustainable urban environment

Abstract

Coastal territories are increasingly recognized as key components of a sustainable urban environment due to their ecological, social, and engineering functions. However, climate-related risks and increasing anthropogenic pressure make coastal zones highly vulnerable and require integrated planning approaches. The aim of this study is to analyze international engineering and landscape approaches to coastal territory planning and to identify an integrated conceptual model ensuring ecological resilience, engineering stability, and social functionality. The methodology is based on qualitative and comparative analysis of scientific publications, analytical reports, and case studies, supported by a system approach. The results show that the most effective planning solutions are achieved through the coordinated implementation of green infrastructure, engineering adaptation, ecological regeneration, and social integration. The proposed conceptual framework can be applied in landscape and urban design practice, especially in arid and climate-vulnerable regions