The Practical Importance of QGIS Technologies in Engineering Geological Mapping

Abstract

Engineering geological mapping is essential for infrastructure planning, geohazard assessment, and sustainable urban development, particularly in rapidly urbanizing regions. The growing complexity of spatial data requires efficient tools capable of integrating and analyzing diverse geological and terrain information. This study evaluates the practical importance of QGIS, an open-source Geographic Information System, for engineering geological mapping using Tashkent city as a case study. A structured and reproducible workflow was developed by integrating geological maps, Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), and field-based observations within the QGIS environment. DEM-derived morphometric parameters, including elevation, slope, aspect, and hillshade, were analyzed to characterize terrain conditions and assess construction suitability. Spatial overlay techniques were applied to combine geological and morphometric factors, enabling the identification of areas with potential geotechnical constraints. The results indicate that QGIS significantly enhances the accuracy, efficiency, and interpretability of engineering geological analyses. Three-dimensional visualization and thematic mapping improved the understanding of terrain morphology and spatial relationships between geological factors, supporting more informed engineering decision-making. Overall, the study confirms that QGIS is a robust, cost-effective, and flexible platform for engineering geological mapping in urban environments.