Passive Cooling Strategies in Residential Architecture of Hot-Dry Uzbek Cities: A Design-Screening Model

Abstract

The article analyzes passive cooling strategies for residential architecture in hot-dry urban environments of Uzbekistan, with attention to the climatic conditions of Karakalpakstan and the lower Amu Darya region. The research evaluates orientation, compactness, shading, natural ventilation, courtyard design, envelope thermal resistance and reflective roof surfaces. A comparative design-screening model is proposed for four residential block variants. The results show that the highest cooling-load reduction is achieved through a combined passive package: east-west orientation control, external shading, ventilated roofs, improved wall insulation, night ventilation and shaded courtyards. The proposed approach supports energy-efficient housing design and can be used in early-stage architectural planning