Adaptive PID control with disturbance compensation for a gas turbine unit
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56143/3030-3893-2026-2-176-181Ключевые слова:
gas turbine unit, adaptive PID control, feedforward compensation, disturbance rejection, temperature regulation, load shedding, gain adaptationАннотация
Gas turbine units operate under variable load and ambient conditions, which may significantly affect the quality of temperature regulation when a conventional fixed-gain proportional–integral–derivative controller is used. This paper proposes an adaptive PID control approach with model-based feedforward disturbance compensation for the gas temperature control loop of a gas turbine unit. The controller retains the conventional PID structure while introducing bounded online adjustment of the proportional, integral, and derivative gains according to the current tracking error, its low-frequency component, and its filtered rate of change. A separate feedforward channel compensates for measurable variations in mechanical load and ambient temperature. The proposed approach is evaluated using a coupled temperature–speed dynamic model of a gas turbine compressor unit. Two simulation scenarios are considered: simultaneous setpoint and operating-condition changes, and a sharp partial load-shedding event with constant temperature reference. A component-wise ablation study is additionally performed to distinguish the effects of adaptive gain adjustment and disturbance compensation. In the first scenario, the proposed controller reduces the integral time absolute error from 23188.24 to 17299.56 and decreases the temperature overshoot from 8.90% to 1.90% compared with the conventional PID controller. Under sharp load variation, the integral absolute error is reduced by 47.86%, while the maximum gas-temperature deviation is reduced by approximately 52.76%. The component analysis shows that adaptive gain adjustment primarily improves transient performance following setpoint changes, whereas feedforward compensation provides the dominant contribution to load-disturbance rejection. The results demonstrate that combining bounded PID adaptation with explicit disturbance compensation can improve gas turbine temperature regulation without replacing the conventional feedback control structure.
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