Study of siltation intensity of water reservoir

Abstract

Reservoirs play an important role in providing water for agriculture and generating energy. After the
reservoirs are filled, morphometric changes occur in the reservoir area during operation. As the reservoir
fills, the flow rate decreases, resulting in accumulation of suspended sediments and bottom sediments in
the stream. Large sediments are concentrated in the upper part, while fine sediments are distributed in
the middle and lower parts as the flow velocity decreases, and the size of the mud fractions gradually
decreases towards the dam. The article analyses the dynamics of turbidity during the operation of the
reservoir using the example of the TMGU O’zan reservoir. The volume of turbidity in 1981-2001 was
approximately 1145 million tons, and by 2021 it reached 1744 million tons. Considering the average
density of the settling turbidity, today 790 million m3 of the volume is filled with turbidity, which means
that 35% of the volume of the O’zan reservoir is filled with turbidity.